氫分子在癌症預防與治療中的應用：從抗氧化到免疫調節的潛力

一種還原性氣體在醫學中的潛力被不斷挖掘。氫分子（H₂）憑藉其選擇性清除高活性自由基的特性，不僅展現了顯著的抗氧化作用，更在癌症治療中展現出多方面的效益。自1975年首次報導氫氣可治癒小鼠癌症後，氫分子的研究進入了令人振奮的新時代。近年來，越來越多的研究證實了氫分子不僅能減輕化療和放療的副作用，還能在抑制癌細胞增殖和改善患者生活品質方面發揮積極作用。

一篇文獻發表於 2024年，刊載於 Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology《癌症研究與臨床腫瘤學雜誌》的文章，作者引用了118篇關於癌症相關的參考文獻，涵蓋了分氫子在癌症預防與治療中的潛力、作用機制以及臨床應用，深入探討了氫分子在癌症預防與治療中的前景，特別是其在免疫調節、抗氧化和腸道菌群調控等方面的機制。這些發現不僅為癌症患者提供了新的治療選擇，也為精準醫療帶來了更廣泛的應用可能性。我深知這項技術仍有許多未知領域有待探索。這篇文章為我們提供了一個堅實的基礎，指引我們邁向一個更健康的未來。

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology《癌症研究與臨床腫瘤學雜誌》是一份由 Springer 出版的國際性學術期刊，專注於癌症領域的基礎研究、臨床應用以及轉化醫學的最新進展。期刊特色：涵蓋腫瘤生物學、治療方法（包括化療、放療、免疫治療等）、癌症基因組學及其臨床應用。期刊吸引了來自全球的研究者投稿，特別重視多中心臨床研究和創新療法。目標讀者包括腫瘤學家、基礎科學家、臨床醫生以及研究人員，為癌症相關領域的專業人士提供最新研究成果。該期刊具備較高的學術影響力和嚴謹的同行評審機制。主要目標： 期刊致力於推動癌症研究的進步，促進學術界與臨床實踐的緊密聯繫，為全球癌症患者的診治提供理論支持和實踐指導。

Zhou W, Zhang J, Chen W, Miao C. Prospects of molecular hydrogen in cancer prevention and treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2024 Mar 31;150(4):170. doi: 10.1007/s00432-024-05685-7. PMID: 38555538; PMCID: PMC10982102.

氫分子在癌症預防與治療中的前景

癌症是全球最主要的健康挑戰之一，根據世界衛生組織統計，癌症是112個國家中死亡的首要或次要原因，並且癌症的全球負擔仍在不斷增加。傳統的治療方法，如手術、放射治療及化療，雖然在癌症治療中扮演重要角色，但它們經常伴隨顯著的副作用且治療效果有限。

近年來，氣體信號分子（如一氧化氮、硫化氫等）在癌症治療中的潛力逐漸被發現，而氫分子（H₂）作為還原性氣體，展現出顯著的抗腫瘤效應。自1975年首次研究發現高濃度氫氣可治癒小鼠的鱗狀細胞癌以來，氫分子在癌症治療中的應用逐漸成為研究的焦點。本文章將探討分子氫在癌症預防與治療中的作用及其機制，並展望其臨床應用的未來發展方向。

腸道菌群產生的氫氣：天然的抗腫瘤屏障

圖1.腸道菌叢中的氫氣代謝調節腸道健康

圖1展示了腸道氫氣代謝如何調節腸道健康，表現產氫菌與氫營養菌的交互作用，以及其對腸道環境的影響。

氫氣的腸道代謝過程

腸道菌群每天可生成大量氫氣，這一過程主要依賴於不可消化的碳水化合物（如澱粉、纖維素）作為基質進行厭氧氧化代謝。例如，研究表明，產氫菌可通過將澱粉分解為氫氣與短鏈脂肪酸（SCFA）促進腸道代謝。此外，另一項研究指出，飲用氫氣水能有效調節腸道菌群組成，抑制腸炎症狀並促進腸道屏障修復。產氫菌生成的氫氣可被腸道內的氫營養菌（如產甲烷菌、硫酸鹽還原菌）利用，並通過調節腸道菌群的代謝平衡維持腸道健康（如圖1所示）。

氫氣維持全身穩態的作用

圖2 腸道菌叢產生的氫氣維持多系統健康和免疫穩態

圖2 作者說明了腸道菌群產生的氫氣如何支持SCFA生成，並影響多系統健康與免疫穩態，及氫氣對於的全身性作用。

研究表明，腸道產生的氫氣不僅對腸道健康至關重要，還參與調節全身的氧化還原平衡與免疫穩態。氫氣可促進短鏈脂肪酸（SCFA）的生成，這些物質對腸道上皮細胞和免疫細胞具有重要的能量供應功能（如圖2所示）。此外，氫氣還能透過腸–腦軸、腸–肺軸等通路影響多系統健康，對腸道屏障完整性和炎症的調節具有顯著作用。

氫分子的抗腫瘤作用與潛在機制

抗腫瘤與輔助治療作用

自Dole等首次研究發現氫氣的抗腫瘤效應以來，多項研究證實了其對肺癌、結直腸癌等多種癌症的抑制效果。氫氣能夠減少癌細胞的增殖與轉移，並在放療與化療中發揮輔助作用，減少這些治療方式所導致的氧化壓力與炎症反應。

通過抗氧化機制的抗腫瘤效應

圖3氫分子抗氧化壓力的機制

圖3 的展示了氫氣在抗氧化壓力中的作用機制，包括關鍵的抗氧化酶（如SOD、CAT、GPx）的參與以及信號通路（如Nrf2/ARE）的調節，展示氫分子的抗氧化能力及影響腫瘤治療。

氫分子具有選擇性清除高活性自由基（如·OH、ONOO⁻）的能力，避免了對正常細胞內其他ROS（如H₂O₂）的干擾。其抗氧化作用還包括抑制ROS依賴的信號通路（如NF-κB、Akt/mTOR），並提升抗氧化酶（如SOD、GPx）的表達。此外，氫氣能透過Nrf2/ARE路徑調控基因表達，促進細胞抗氧化能力（如圖3所示）。

3. 免疫保護功能

圖4.氫分子透過選擇性消除腫瘤微環境中的ROS來發揮抗腫瘤活性

圖4 作者詳細說明了氫氣如何通過選擇性清除腫瘤微環境中的ROS，阻止DNA損傷和線粒體功能紊亂，進而維持T細胞的正常功能。氫氣在抗腫瘤免疫中的作用，特別是針對PD-1表達和T細胞功能恢復的影響。

臨床研究表明，氫氣能調控T細胞功能，降低PD-1表達，逆轉T細胞耗竭，並恢復腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞的活性。氫氣通過減少癌症微環境中的氧化壓力，保護T細胞線粒體，從而防止T細胞凋亡和功能喪失，增強免疫系統的抗腫瘤能力（如圖4所示）。

氫分子的應用策略

外源性氫氣供應

圖5 氫分子的應用

圖5 展示了多種氫氣的外源性應用方式及其潛在的臨床效果，能幫助讀者視覺化氫氣在癌症治療中多方面的應用策略，特別是不同方法對身體組織和系統的影響。

氫氣的外源性應用包括吸入、口服氫氣水、注射富氫鹽水及外用等多種方式。其中，氫氣水（HRW）在調節腸道菌群和促進能量代謝方面具有獨特的優勢。例如，研究發現口服氫氣水可改善腸道菌群組成，增加SCFA的生成，並降低炎症水平。

調控腸道內源性氫氣的生成

透過高纖維飲食及乳果糖等不可消化碳水化合物的補充，可促進腸道內氫氣的自然生成，這是一種經濟且日常可行的治療策略。例如，乳果糖已被證實能透過促進腸道氫氣生成，緩解腸道炎症及多系統疾病。

手術過程的應用

圖6氫氣在腫瘤患者手術期間的多重作用

圖6 作者展示了氫氣在手術期間的多重作用，包括抗氧化、抗炎、神經保護以及能量調控等功能，能直觀說明氫氣在腫瘤患者手術過程中的應用價值及潛在機制。

對於需要手術治療的癌症患者，氫氣在手術期間具有多方面的保護作用，包括減少氧化壓力、改善缺血再灌注損傷及調節神經炎症。此外，氫氣水還能結合免疫營養干預，幫助患者維持能量代謝與免疫穩態。

結論與展望

氫分子作為一種天然的抗氧化劑，其多重生物學效應使其在癌症預防與治療中展現了廣泛的應用潛力，特別是在抗氧化、抗炎以及免疫調節方面的突出作用。腸道菌群產生的氫氣不僅能通過促進短鏈脂肪酸（SCFA）的生成維持腸道及全身穩態，還能通過選擇性清除高活性自由基（如·OH、ONOO⁻）減輕癌症微環境中的氧化壓力，抑制腫瘤的發展和轉移。

現有研究證實，氫氣在協同放療、化療及免疫治療中展現了良好的輔助效果，例如提升患者的生活品質、減少治療相關的副作用以及改善免疫功能。尤其是氫氣能夠逆轉腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞（TILs）的功能耗竭，恢復T細胞線粒體功能，並增強抗腫瘤免疫應答，為現代腫瘤治療提供了嶄新的思路。

總而言之，氫氣的應用前景不僅局限於癌症治療，還可能擴展至慢性炎症性疾病、代謝性疾病及神經退行性疾病等領域。透過多學科協作及技術創新，分子氫有望成為未來醫療保健的重要組成部分，為全球健康挑戰提供更多創新解決方案。

您可以參考更多「氫分子醫療相關文獻」。

#癌症 #氫分子 #氫氣 #抗氧化

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「若患有任何癌症相關疾病，請務必遵從醫生的專業建議，將傳統的常規治療作為首選。上述提到的新興療法，氫分子的應用，尚需進一步臨床研究以證明其安全性和有效性。需在專業醫療團隊的指導下，積極採取科學治療手段，尋求全面康復。」

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